Tweet
المنظمة العسكرية القومية في أرض إسرائيل Irgon
פנייה אישית ממייסד ויקיפדיה ג'ימי ויילס
إرجون 1931 (منظمة عسكرية)
ארגון (יסוד)
منظمة يهودية متطرفة عملت على إنشاء الدولة اليهودية عام 1948 من خلال ذبح وترويع الفلسطينيين وإخراجهم من أراضيهم
ونفيهم بالملايين وإعادة توطين أراضيهم باليهود، وقد انشقت الإرجون عن الهاجاناة عام 1931 بعد أن تزايدت عدوانيتها ووحشيتها..
والإرجون (بالعبرية ארגון)، أو "المنظمة العسكرية القومية" (بالعبرية ארגוןצבאילאומיإرجون تسفائي لئومي) هي تكتّل عسكري
إرهابي في الأراضي الفلسطينية في الفترة السّابقة لإعلان دولة إسرائيل. ويُعزى الكثير من مآسي الشعب الفلسطيني لإرهاب منظمة الإرجون.
ويرى الكثير من الإسرائيليين في الإرجون على أنّها منظمة قتالية تنادي بحرّية إسرائيل.
وكان شعارها يتكون من خريطة فلسطين والأردن وعليها صورة بندقية كتب حولها "راك كاح" أي (هكذا وحسب).
ونفيهم بالملايين وإعادة توطين أراضيهم باليهود، وقد انشقت الإرجون عن الهاجاناة عام 1931 بعد أن تزايدت عدوانيتها ووحشيتها..
والإرجون (بالعبرية ארגון)، أو "المنظمة العسكرية القومية" (بالعبرية ארגוןצבאילאומיإرجون تسفائي لئومي) هي تكتّل عسكري
إرهابي في الأراضي الفلسطينية في الفترة السّابقة لإعلان دولة إسرائيل. ويُعزى الكثير من مآسي الشعب الفلسطيني لإرهاب منظمة الإرجون.
ويرى الكثير من الإسرائيليين في الإرجون على أنّها منظمة قتالية تنادي بحرّية إسرائيل.
وكان شعارها يتكون من خريطة فلسطين والأردن وعليها صورة بندقية كتب حولها "راك كاح" أي (هكذا وحسب).
النشأة
نشأت منظمة الإرجون التي صنفت فيما بعد من قبل السلطات الإنجليزية كمنظمة إرهابية في العام 1931 بتفرعها من الجناح
العسكري الصهيوني آنذاك والمعروف بمنظمة الهاجاناه على يد "إبراهام تيهومي".
ولعل من أهم أسباب انشقاق الإرجون عن الهاجاناه الصهيونية هو امتعاض الإرجون من القيود البريطانية المفروضة على الهاجاناه في تعاملها مع الثّوار الفلسطينيين.
تلقّت الإرجون دعماً سريّاً من بولندا ابتداءً من العام 1936 وكانت الحكومة البولندية تأمل في تشجيع الهجرة اليهودية البولندية عن طريق هذا الدّعم.
تجدر الإشارة إلى أن اليهود كانوا من أفقر طبقات المجتمع البولندي في تلك الفترة وكان من دواعي سرور الحكومة البولندية جلاء هذه الشريحة من المجتمع البولندي إلى فلسطين.
تمثّل الدعم البولندي للإرجون على تقديم العتاد والتدريبات العسكرية، وفي العام 1943، تولّى "مناحيم بيجن" (رئيس وزراء إسرائيل سابق) قيادة منظمة الإرجون، وبُعيْد إعلان دولة إسرائيل، حلّت الحكومة الإسرائيلية المؤقّتة آنذاك جميع المنظمات العسكرية لتكوين "جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي" وكانت الإرجون أحد تلك المنظمات.
نشأت منظمة الإرجون التي صنفت فيما بعد من قبل السلطات الإنجليزية كمنظمة إرهابية في العام 1931 بتفرعها من الجناح
العسكري الصهيوني آنذاك والمعروف بمنظمة الهاجاناه على يد "إبراهام تيهومي".
ولعل من أهم أسباب انشقاق الإرجون عن الهاجاناه الصهيونية هو امتعاض الإرجون من القيود البريطانية المفروضة على الهاجاناه في تعاملها مع الثّوار الفلسطينيين.
تلقّت الإرجون دعماً سريّاً من بولندا ابتداءً من العام 1936 وكانت الحكومة البولندية تأمل في تشجيع الهجرة اليهودية البولندية عن طريق هذا الدّعم.
تجدر الإشارة إلى أن اليهود كانوا من أفقر طبقات المجتمع البولندي في تلك الفترة وكان من دواعي سرور الحكومة البولندية جلاء هذه الشريحة من المجتمع البولندي إلى فلسطين.
تمثّل الدعم البولندي للإرجون على تقديم العتاد والتدريبات العسكرية، وفي العام 1943، تولّى "مناحيم بيجن" (رئيس وزراء إسرائيل سابق) قيادة منظمة الإرجون، وبُعيْد إعلان دولة إسرائيل، حلّت الحكومة الإسرائيلية المؤقّتة آنذاك جميع المنظمات العسكرية لتكوين "جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي" وكانت الإرجون أحد تلك المنظمات.
فندق الملك داود بعد تفجيره من قبل الإرجون
منظر آخر لفندق الملك داود بعد تفجيره من قبل الإرجون
المحاربون من أجل حرية إسرائيل " ليفي" The Levi1940
[COLOR=window************************]Mickey Marcus[/COLOR][COLOR=window************************] ميكي[/COLOR][COLOR=window************************]ماركوس[/COLOR]
[COLOR=window************************](1902-1948)[/COLOR]
David Daniel Mickey Marcus, a tough Brooklyn street kid, rose by virtue of his courage and intelligence to help save Israel in 1948 and become its first general since Judah Maccabee. After a distinguished career in military and public service to the United States, the 46-year-old Marcus wrote his name forever in the annals of Israeli history.
Born to immigrant parents in 1902, Marcus grew up in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn where, to defend himself against neighborhood toughs, he learned to box. His high school athletic and academic record won him admission to West Point in 1920, from which he graduated with impressive scores. After completing his required service, Marcus went to law school and spent most of the 1930s as a Federal attorney in New York, helping bring Lucky Luciano to justice. As a reward, Mayor LaGuardia named Marcus Commissioner of Corrections for New York City.
Convinced that war was imminent, Marcus voluntarily went back into Army uniform in 1940, and after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor served as executive officer to the military governor of Hawaii. In 1942, he was named commandant of the Army's new Ranger school, which developed innovative tactics for jungle fighting. Sent to England on the eve of D-Day, he voluntarily parachuted into Normandy with the troops of the 101st Airborne Division. Marcus helped draw up the surrender terms for Italy and Germany and became part of the occupation government in Berlin. Admiring colleagues identified him as one of the War Department's best brains. He had a bright future ahead of him as a member of the Army's top brass.
In 1944, Marcus's consciousness of himself as a Jew took a dramatic turn when he was put in charge of planning how to sustain the starving millions in the regions liberated by the Allied invasion of Europe. A major part of his responsibilities involved clearing out the Nazi death camps. Here, Marcus came face to face with the survivors of Nazi atrocities and saw with his own eyes the piles of uncounted Jewish corpses in Europe's death camps. Following that assignment, Marcus was named chief of the War Crimes Division, planning legal and security procedures for the Nuremberg trials. Through these experiences, Marcus came to understand the depths of European anti-Semitism. Though never previously a Zionist, Marcus became convinced that the only hope for the remnants of European Jewry lay in a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
In 1947, Marcus returned to civilian life. A few months later, the United Nations authorized the division of Palestine and the eventual creation of a Jewish state. Within days, David Ben-Gurion asked Marcus to recruit an American officer to serve as military advisor to Israel. Failing in his attempts to recruit one of his friends, Marcus decided to volunteer himself. The U.S. War Department granted Marcus, who was a reservist, permission to accept the offer, provided Marcus not use his own name or rank and disguise his military record.
Thus, one "Michael Stone" arrived in Tel Aviv in January 1948, to confront a nearly impossible situation. The widely separated Jewish settlements in Palestine were surrounded by a sea of hostile Arabs. The newly created Israel would have no defensible borders, no air power, a few tanks and ancient artillery pieces and almost no arms or ammunition. The Haganah was an effective underground organization but it had no experience as a regular national army. Facing it were well-supplied Arab armies determined to drive the Jews into the sea. The pro-Arab British administration in Palestine prevented the importation of military supplies to the Israelis.
Undaunted, Stone designed a command structure for Israel's new army and wrote manuals to train it, adapting his experience at Ranger school to the Haganah's special needs. He identified Israel's weakest points as the scattered settlements in the Negev and the new quarter of Jerusalem. When Israel declared independence and the Arab armies attacked in May 1948, Israel was ready, thanks to Stone's planning. His hit-and-run tactics kept the Egyptian army in the Negev off balance. When the Jewish section of Jerusalem was about to fall, Marcus ordered the construction of a road to bring additional men and equipment to break the Arab siege just days before the United Nations negotiated a cease fire. Israel had withstood the Arab assault with its borders virtually intact. In gratitude, Ben Gurion named Mickey Marcus Lieutenant General, the first general in the army of Israel in nearly two thousand years.
Tragically Marcus did not live to see the peace. Six hours before the cease fire began, in the village Of Abu Ghosh near Jerusalem, Marcus was unable to sleep. He walked beyond the guarded perimeter wrapped in his bed sheet. A Jewish sentry saw a white-robed figure approaching and, not understanding Marcus's response to his challenge, fired a single, fatal shot. Marcus's body was flown back for burial at West Point, where his tombstone identifies him as "A Soldier for All Humanity." Hollywood would later immortalize Marcus in a movie, "Cast A Giant Shadow." Ben-Gurion put it simply, "He was the best man we had."
Born to immigrant parents in 1902, Marcus grew up in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn where, to defend himself against neighborhood toughs, he learned to box. His high school athletic and academic record won him admission to West Point in 1920, from which he graduated with impressive scores. After completing his required service, Marcus went to law school and spent most of the 1930s as a Federal attorney in New York, helping bring Lucky Luciano to justice. As a reward, Mayor LaGuardia named Marcus Commissioner of Corrections for New York City.
Convinced that war was imminent, Marcus voluntarily went back into Army uniform in 1940, and after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor served as executive officer to the military governor of Hawaii. In 1942, he was named commandant of the Army's new Ranger school, which developed innovative tactics for jungle fighting. Sent to England on the eve of D-Day, he voluntarily parachuted into Normandy with the troops of the 101st Airborne Division. Marcus helped draw up the surrender terms for Italy and Germany and became part of the occupation government in Berlin. Admiring colleagues identified him as one of the War Department's best brains. He had a bright future ahead of him as a member of the Army's top brass.
In 1944, Marcus's consciousness of himself as a Jew took a dramatic turn when he was put in charge of planning how to sustain the starving millions in the regions liberated by the Allied invasion of Europe. A major part of his responsibilities involved clearing out the Nazi death camps. Here, Marcus came face to face with the survivors of Nazi atrocities and saw with his own eyes the piles of uncounted Jewish corpses in Europe's death camps. Following that assignment, Marcus was named chief of the War Crimes Division, planning legal and security procedures for the Nuremberg trials. Through these experiences, Marcus came to understand the depths of European anti-Semitism. Though never previously a Zionist, Marcus became convinced that the only hope for the remnants of European Jewry lay in a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
In 1947, Marcus returned to civilian life. A few months later, the United Nations authorized the division of Palestine and the eventual creation of a Jewish state. Within days, David Ben-Gurion asked Marcus to recruit an American officer to serve as military advisor to Israel. Failing in his attempts to recruit one of his friends, Marcus decided to volunteer himself. The U.S. War Department granted Marcus, who was a reservist, permission to accept the offer, provided Marcus not use his own name or rank and disguise his military record.
Thus, one "Michael Stone" arrived in Tel Aviv in January 1948, to confront a nearly impossible situation. The widely separated Jewish settlements in Palestine were surrounded by a sea of hostile Arabs. The newly created Israel would have no defensible borders, no air power, a few tanks and ancient artillery pieces and almost no arms or ammunition. The Haganah was an effective underground organization but it had no experience as a regular national army. Facing it were well-supplied Arab armies determined to drive the Jews into the sea. The pro-Arab British administration in Palestine prevented the importation of military supplies to the Israelis.
Undaunted, Stone designed a command structure for Israel's new army and wrote manuals to train it, adapting his experience at Ranger school to the Haganah's special needs. He identified Israel's weakest points as the scattered settlements in the Negev and the new quarter of Jerusalem. When Israel declared independence and the Arab armies attacked in May 1948, Israel was ready, thanks to Stone's planning. His hit-and-run tactics kept the Egyptian army in the Negev off balance. When the Jewish section of Jerusalem was about to fall, Marcus ordered the construction of a road to bring additional men and equipment to break the Arab siege just days before the United Nations negotiated a cease fire. Israel had withstood the Arab assault with its borders virtually intact. In gratitude, Ben Gurion named Mickey Marcus Lieutenant General, the first general in the army of Israel in nearly two thousand years.
Tragically Marcus did not live to see the peace. Six hours before the cease fire began, in the village Of Abu Ghosh near Jerusalem, Marcus was unable to sleep. He walked beyond the guarded perimeter wrapped in his bed sheet. A Jewish sentry saw a white-robed figure approaching and, not understanding Marcus's response to his challenge, fired a single, fatal shot. Marcus's body was flown back for burial at West Point, where his tombstone identifies him as "A Soldier for All Humanity." Hollywood would later immortalize Marcus in a movie, "Cast A Giant Shadow." Ben-Gurion put it simply, "He was the best man we had."
ولقد تم تجسيد بطولته من خلال فيلم الظل العملاق– إخراج ميليجيل شافلسون – سنة 1966 : يروي المخرج شافلسون قصة الكولونيل – ميكي ماركوس : «بدأ كل شيء في ديسمبر سنة 1946 ، عندما ربت أحدهم على كتف ميكي ماركوس – المحامي الناجح في بروكلين بأمريكا ، وسأله أن يكون ذلك الجنرال الذي يبحث عنه «جيش ضائع في البرية» طلبا لمساعدته» .
ويضيف المخرج : «إن ماركوس حارب من اجل إنقاذ اليهود من العرب» وقتل ماركوس بطريقة عبثية في الحادي عشر من حزيران ، 1948 . وقد نعاه بن جوريون ، بقوله «سوف يبقي اسم ماركوس إلي الأبد في تاريخ الشعب اليهودي» .
بلغ عدد العاملين في الفيلم – 125 فنيا من أمريكا وإنجلترا وإيطاليا. وبلغ عدد الممثلين – 34 ممثلا من أمريكا واليونان و «إسرائيل». إلي جانب – ألف كومبارس :ومن هؤلاء الممثلين : كيرك دوجلاس – الذي يصفه المخرج بأنه «يهودي قبل أن يكون ممثلا» . ويول براينر وفرانك سيناترا – وأنجي ديكنسون وسينتا بريجر … من نجوم هوليوود .
ويضيف المخرج : «إن ماركوس حارب من اجل إنقاذ اليهود من العرب» وقتل ماركوس بطريقة عبثية في الحادي عشر من حزيران ، 1948 . وقد نعاه بن جوريون ، بقوله «سوف يبقي اسم ماركوس إلي الأبد في تاريخ الشعب اليهودي» .
بلغ عدد العاملين في الفيلم – 125 فنيا من أمريكا وإنجلترا وإيطاليا. وبلغ عدد الممثلين – 34 ممثلا من أمريكا واليونان و «إسرائيل». إلي جانب – ألف كومبارس :ومن هؤلاء الممثلين : كيرك دوجلاس – الذي يصفه المخرج بأنه «يهودي قبل أن يكون ممثلا» . ويول براينر وفرانك سيناترا – وأنجي ديكنسون وسينتا بريجر … من نجوم هوليوود .
كيرك دوجلاس الأب والابن
كلاهما داعمين للحركة الصهيونية المعاصرة
إيفرايم هيزنيدزويكي
Efroim Hersz Niedzwiecki
إيفرايم هيزنيدزويكي
Efroim Hersz Niedzwiecki was born in Radzilow on March 11, 1920.
In 1933, Efroim, his parents, and his sisters, Sara, Tova, Shoshana, and Yaffa, all emigrated to Israel. At that time Palestine was under the British Mandate.
Efroim enlisted in the British Army in Sarafend, on December 2, 1939. During the war in Greece, his unit of the British Army was captured by the Germans and transferred to a camp in Germany named Stalag VIII B. They were prisoners of war.
Efroim spent four years in the Stalag. After the war was over, he went back to Palestine. He was released from the British Army after six years and 27 days of service, on January 14, 1946.
He married to Drora Pais, and lived most of his life in Moshav Magshimim. Efroim was a builder and specialized in plaster work, which brought him to work all over Israel.
Efroim had joined the Israeli Army in 1948 and served in the reserve until 1975.
In 1965, the British Ministry of War honored Efroim's service and decorated him with 3 medals: the 1939-45 Star Medal, the Africa Star. and a general service medal (most likely for service in Palestine).
Efroim died at the age 85 on May 5, 2005, and was buried at the cemetery in Moshav Magshimim, next to his wife Drora who had passed away in November, 2001
Efroim Hersz Niedzwiecki's World War II medals
Left to right: 1939-45 Star, Africa Star, a general service medal
Efroim Hersz Niedzwiecki's World War II medals
كانت هذه هي أبرز العصابات الصهيونية التي تواجدت على أرض فلسطينوسعت من خلال ما مارسته من ترويع وقتل ونهب إلى تمهيد الإعلان عن جريمتهمالكبرى..
دمرت اسرائيل 244 بئرا من ابار غزة ودمرت 6.5 مليون ميل من خطوط المياة الطبيعية الصالحة للطبخ والاستهلاك البشري.
îن îëéىهْ نçمùهْ?