ÇáÝÕá ÇáÎÇãÓ
ãÓÊÞÈá ÝáÓØíä æåæ Úáì ãØáÈíä:
ÇáãØáÈ ÇáÃæá: ÝáÓØíä ÊÊåæÏ.. ÝãÇ ÇáÍá æãÇÇáÚãá..
ÇáãØáÈ ÇáËÇäí: ãÔÑæÚ ÅÓÑÇÆíá ÇáßÈÑì (ÇáÕíÇÛÉ ÇáÅÓÑÇÆíáíÉ ÇáÃÎíÑÉ áÊåæíÏÝáÓØíä)..
ÇáãØáÈ ÇáÃæá
ÝáÓØíä ÊÊåæÏ.. ÝãÇ ÇáÍá æãÇÇáÚãá
äÙÑÉ ÊæËíÞíÉ Úáì ÍÞíÞÉ ÊæÇÌÏ ÇáíåæÏ Ýí ÝáÓØíä ÞÈá äßÈÉ 1948
Jewish in Palestine pre 1948
The first Jewish colonialism in Palestine in 1837 was funded by Moses Montverde
a wealthy British Jew who established the first Jewish settlement in Palestine,
during the rule of Egyptian governor Mohammed Ali. Later on, Montverde
was able to get guarantees from the Ottoman state including protection and privileges
The number of the Jewish people in Palestine reached 1500 in 1860 and
increased to10 thousand in1881. The majority of Jewish people were concentrated in Jerusalem
In 1859 they made their first attempt to settle in Palestine
by setting up the first Jewish neighborhood called
“Binyamin Moshe “ to honor Mr. Montverde who attained the
Ottoman Firman (decree) in 1855 allowing him to buy the land and construct a hospital
In 1859, the hospital was transformed into populace residences
for the Jews which became the first Jewish neighborhood in
Jerusalem, located out side the old city’s boundaries.
The first immigration wave (1882 - 1903):
It occurred in two stages: The first from1882 – to 1884 and the second
from1890 to 1891. During this emigration about 25 thousand Jews
came to Palestine, most of them from limited income families from Romania and Russia.
The Zionist sources point out that this emigration was organized
and financed by the “Zion Lovers Society” association and Belo movement
The second immigration wave during (1904 - 1918):
The World Zionist Organization took charge of emigration and settling
affairs in Palestine. The number of Jewish immigrants was 40 thousand
who were mostly jobless Russian and Romanian youths. Later, they
were enlisted in the armed forces.
In the period between 1911 and 1912, about 1500 Yemeni Jews arrived
to Palestine and were distributed at Zionist agricultural settlements.
The Jewish Immigration during the British Mandate (1919-1948):
During this period which took place between 1919 & 1948, a new horizon
was opened to the Zionist emigration movement, where as Balfour declaration
was supplemented to the British Mandate, whose 6th article stipulates that the
British administration would facilitate the emigration by providing suitable
prerequisites and encourage - in cooperation with the Jewish Agency - the settling of the Jews in governmental and deserted lands as well as lands not required for the public usage.
The 7th article stipulates that the Palestinian nationality to be granted to the Jewish immigrants.
For the success of the Zionist project, the United States and some western countries started to limit the Jewish immigration to their countries in order to force them to immigrate to Palestine.
The third immigration wave during (1919- 1923):
The number of immigrants was 35 thousand. Most of them came from
Russia, Romania and Poland, in addition to few numbers from Lithuania,
Germany and the United States.
The fourth immigration wave during (1924- 1932)
During this period, about 89 thousand Jews came to Palestine. The majority
belonged to the middle class and more their half came from Poland.
The immigrants started to establish their own small scale investment projects
The flux of the immigrants reached its climax in 1925 and later their
number increased to 33 thousand, while in 1926 it dropped to 13 thousand.
In 1927 their number decreased to three thousand, then two thousand in 1928
The fifth immigration wave during (1933 - 1939):
The number of its immigrants reached 215 thousand. Their majority
emigrated from different territories in Middle Europe because they
were affected by the Nazist reign on Germany (about 45 thousand from Germany)
In 1935, the emigration reached its climax for it witnessed the arrival
of 62 thousand then it started to diminish because of the revolution
that flared in Palestine in 1936.
It’s worth mentioning that the Zionist organization and the Jewish
agency succeeded in reaching a deal with the German Nazists to allow
the German Jews to emigrate and permitted them to take their money.
Accordingly, they were able to let out 32 thousand million pounds.
The sixth immigration wave during (1939 - 1948):
It started during the 2nd world War and lasted till the creation of Israel.
The transfer of immigrants was either by sea or land to reach their
destinations. During the years of the War, 15 thousand illegal immigrants
were transferred to Palestine.
British s revealed that the British Navy assigned to watch the Palestinian
shores to suppress any attempt of illegal immigration - depending on
the reports by the British government - used to help the immigrants
and supplying them with provisions and fuels. In addition, it led the
immigrants to the Palestinian coasts and carried out improper search operations on them.
In summer 1943 the British Government informed its embassy in
Turkey to give the Jews permissions to enter Palestine especially
those who escaped from the lands occupied by Nazists.
In 1944 the United States helped the Jews to get out from the lands
occupied by the Nazist and even it set a special service for this purpose
concerning those who immigrated during the war.
The American President, Truman demanded to allow 100 thousand Jews to
immigrate to Palestine according to the decisions of the Baltimore’s program.
Consequently, an “Anglo - American” investigation committee was composed to
examine whether Palestine can absorb the homeless European Jews.
At the beginning of May 1946, the committee recommended Truman’s proposal.
The Jewish population in Palestine pre 1948
The blue spots = Jewish population
ÇáíåæÏ Ýí ÝáÓØíä ÞÈá ÚÇã 1948
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ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáÃæáì (1882Ü1903):
æÞÏ ÊãÊ Úáì ÏÝÚÊíä ÑÆíÓíÊíä¡ÇáÃæáì ãäåãÇ Èíä ÓäÉ 1882 æÓäÉ 1884¡ æÇáËÇäíÉ ÓäÉ 1890 Ãæ ÓäÉ 1891¡
æÞÏ ÌÇÁ Ýí åÐå ÇáåÌÑÉ ÍæÇáí 25 ÃáÝ íåæÏí ãÚÙãåã ÃÓÑ ãÍÏæÏÉ ÇáÅãßÇäíÇÊ ãä ÑæãÇäíÇæÑæÓíÇ.
æÊÔíÑ ÇáãÑÇÌÚ ÇáÕåíæäíÉ Åáì Ãä åÐå ÇáåÌÑÉ äÙãÊ æãæáÊ ãä ÌãÚíÇÊ ÃÍÈÇÁ Õåíæä æÍÑßÉ Èíáæ.
ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ (1904Ü1918):
æÞÏÍÏËÊ ÈÚÏ ÞíÇã ÇáãäÙãÉ ÇáÕåíæäíÉ¡ æÅÔÑÇÝåÇ Úáì ÇáåÌÑÉ æÇáÇÓÊíØÇä Ýí ÝáÓØíä¡ æÈáÛ ÚÏÏ ÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÝíåÇ
äÍæ ÃÑÈÚíä ÃáÝÇð ÌÇÁ ãÚÙãåã ãä ÑæÓíÇ æÑæãÇäíÇ æßÇäæÇ ÃÓÇÓÇðãä ÇáÔÈÇÈ ÇáãÝáÓíä ÇáãÛÇãÑíä ÇáÐíä ÌäÏÊåã ÇáÕåíæäíÉ
æÇáÃÌåÒÉ ÇáÇÓÊÚãÇÑíÉ. ææÕá ßÐáß Åáì ÝáÓØíä Èíä ÓäÉ 1911 æÓäÉ 1912 äÍæ 1.500 íåæÏí
íãäí æÒÚæÇ Úáì ÇáãÓÊÚãÑÇÊ ÇáÒÑÇÚíÉ ÇáÕåíæäíÉ.
ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáíåæÏíÉ Åáì ÝáÓØíä Ýí Òãä ÇáÇäÊÏÇÈ ÇáÈÑíØÇäí (1919-1948) :
Ýí åÐå ÇáãÑÍáÉ ÇáÊí ÊãÊÏ ãä ÓäÉ 1919 Åáì 1948¡ ÝÊÍÊ ÂÝÇÞ ÌÏíÏÉ ÃãÇã ÍÑßÉ ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáÕåíæäíÉ Åáì ÝáÓØíä¡
ÝÞÏ ÃÏãÌ æÚÏ ÈáÝæÑ ÈÕß ÇáÇäÊÏÇÈ ÇáÈÑíØÇäí Úáì ÝáÓØíä¡ ÇáÐí äÕÊ ÇáãÇÏÉ ÇáÓÇÏÓÉ ãäå Úáì Ãä ÇáÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÈÑíØÇäíÉ ÓæÝ
ÊáÊÒã ÈÊÓåíá ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáíåæÏíÉ ÈÔÑæØ ãäÇÓÈÉ¡ æÓæÝ ÊÔÌÚ Ü ÈÇáÊÚÇæä ãÚ ÇáæßÇáÉÇáíåæÏíÉ Ü ÇÓÊíØÇä ÇáíåæÏ Ýí ÇáÃÑÇÖí
ÈãÇ Ýí Ðáß ÇáÃÑÇÖí ÇáÍßæãíÉ æÇáÃÑÇÖí ÇáÎÇáíÉ æÛíÑ ÇááÇÒãÉ ááÇÓÊÚãÇá ÇáÚÇã.
ßãÇ äÕÊ ÇáãÇÏÉ ÇáÓÇÈÚÉ Úáì ÖÑæÑÉ ÊÓåíá ÅÚØÇÁ ÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÇáíåæÏÇáÌäÓíÉ ÇáÝáÓØíäíÉ
æááãÓÇÚÏÉ Ýí ÅäÌÇÍ ÇáãÔÑæÚ ÇáÕåíæäí ÚãÏÊ ÇáæáÇíÇÊ ÇáãÊÍÏÉ æÈÚÖ ÇáÏæá ÇáÛÑÈíÉ ÇáÃÎÑì Ýí åÐå ÇáãÑÍáÉ Åáì æÖÚ ÞíæÏ
Úáì åÌÑÉ ÇáíåæÏ Åáì ÃÑÇÖíåÇ áÏÝÚåã Åáì ÇáåÌÑÉ Åáì ÝáÓØíä
ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ ( 1919 Ü1923):
æÞÏ ÈáÛ ÚÏÏ ÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÝíåÇ ÍæÇáí 35 ÃáÝ äÓãÉ¡ Ãí ÈãÚÏá ËãÇäíÉ ÂáÇÝ ãåÇÌÑ ÓäæíÇð¡ ÌÇÁæÇ Ýí ãÚÙãåã ãä ÑæÓíÇ æÑæãÇäíÇ æÈæáæäíÇ¡
ÈÇáÅÖÇÝÉ Åáì ÃÚÏÇÏ ÕÛíÑÉ ãä áÊæÇäíÇ æÃáãÇäíÇ æÇáæáÇíÇÊ ÇáãÊÍÏÉ.
ÇáåÌÑÉÇáÑÇÈÚÉ (1924Ü1932:(
ÌÇÁÅáì ÝáÓØíä Ýí åÐå ÇáãæÌÉ äÍæ 89 ÃáÝ ãåÇÌÑíåæÏí¡ ãÚÙãåã ãä ÃÈäÇÁ ÇáØÈÞÉ ÇáæÓØì æÃßËÑ ãä äÕÝåã ãä ÈæáæäíÇ.
æÇÓÊÛá ãåÇÌÑæåÐå ÇáãæÌÉ ÑÄæÓ ÇáÃãæÇá ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÇáÊí ÃÍÖÑæåÇ ãÚåã Ýí ÅÞÇãÉ ÈÚÖ ÇáãÔÇÑíÚ ÇáÕÛíÑÉ ÇáÎÇÕÉ
ÈáÛ ÊÏÝÞ ÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÇáÕåíæäííä ÐÑæÊå Ýí ÚÇã 1925 ÝæÕá ÚÏÏåã Åáì ÍæÇáí 33 ÃáÝÇ ãÞÇÈá 13 ÃáÝÇð. æÈÚÏ Ðáß ÇäÎÝÖ
ÇáÚÏÏ ãÑÉ ÃÎÑì Åáì ÍÏæÏ 13 ÃáÝÇð Ýí ÚÇã 1926. Ëã ÈÏÃÊ ÇáåÌÑÉ ÈÇáÇäÍÓÇÑ ãäÐ ÚÇã 1927 ÈÓÈÈ ÇáÕÚæÈÇÊ ÇáÇÞÊÕÇÏíÉ
Ýí ÇáÈáÇÏÂäÐÇß. ÝÝí ÚÇã 1927 ÇäÎÝÖ ÚÏÏ ÇáãåÇÌÑíä Åáì ËáÇËÉ ÂáÇÝ¡ Ëã Åáì ÃáÝíä ÝÞØ Ýí ÚÇã 1928.
ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáÎÇãÓÉ (1933Ü1939):
æÞÏ ÈáÛ ÚÏÏÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÇáÐíä ÞÏãæÇ Ýí åÐå ÇáåÌÑÉ Åáì ÝáÓØíä äÍæ 215 ÃáÝÇð ÌÇÁ ãÚÙãåã ãä ÃÞØÇÑæÓØ ÃæÑæÈÇ ÇáÊí ÊÃËÑÊ
ÈæÕæá ÇáäÇÒíÉ Åáì ÇáÍßã Ýí ÃáãÇäíÇ ÝåÇÌÑ ãäåÇ æÍÏåÇ ÎáÇáåÐå ÇáÝÊÑÉ äÍæ 45 ÃáÝ ãåÇÌÑ.
æÞÏ ÈáÛÊ ÇáåÌÑÉ ÐÑæÊåÇ Ýí ÚÇã 1935 ÝÈáÛ ÚÏÏÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÍæÇáí 62 ÃáÝÇð. Ëã ÃÎÐÊ ÈÇáåÈæØ ÈÓÈÈ ÇÔÊÚÇá ËæÑÉ 1936 Ýí ÝáÓØíä.
æãä ÇáÌÏíÑ ÈÇáÐßÑ Ãä ÇáãäÙãÉ ÇáÕåíæäíÉ æÇáæßÇáÉ ÇáíåæÏíÉ ÚÞÏÊÇ ÇÊÝÇÞÇð ãÚ ÇáÍßã ÇáäÇÒí Ýí ÃáãÇäíÇ áÊÓåíá ÚãáíÉ åÌÑÉ ÇáíåæÏ
ãä ÃáãÇäíÇ æÊäÙíã ÅÎÑÇÌ ÃãæÇáåã.æÈãæÌÈ åÐÇ ÇáÇÊÝÇÞ Ããßä ÅÎÑÇÌ ÍæÇáí 32 ÃáÝ ãáíæä Ìäíå
ÇáåÌÑÉ ÇáÓÇÏÓÉ (1939ÜÍÊì ÈÏÇíÉ 1948: (
ÇáÊí ÊãÊ ÎáÇá ÇáÍÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ ÍÊì ÞíÇã (ÅÓÑÇÆíá)¡ æÞÏ ÇÓÊãÑÊ ÈÃÔßÇáåÇ ÇáãÎÊáÝÉ ÅãÇ Úä ØÑíÞ ÇáÅÈÍÇÑ ãÈÇÔÑÉ Åáì ÝáÓØíä æÎáÇá ÓäæÇÊ Êã äÞá äÍæ 15 ÃáÝ ãåÇÌÑ "ÛíÑ ÔÑÚí".
æßÔÝÊ ÇáæËÇÆÞ ÇáÓÑíÉ ÇáÈÑíØÇäíÉ ÇáäÞÇÈ Úä Ãä ÇáÃÓØæá ÇáÈÑíØÇäí ÇáÐí ßÇä ãßáÝÇð ãÑÇÞÈÉ ÔæÇØÆ ÝáÓØíä áãÞÇæãÉ
ÇáåÌÑÉ "ÛíÑ ÇáÔÑÚíÉ" Ü ÍÓÈ ÅÏÚÇÁ ÇáÍßæãÉ ÇáÈÑíØÇäíÉ ÂäÐÇß Ü ßÇä íÞæã ÈÅÑÔÇÏ ÓÝä ÇáãåÇÌÑíä ÇáÕåíæäííä æÅãÏÇÏåÇ
ÈÇáãÇÁæÇáãÄä æÇáæÞæÏ æÞíÇÏÊåÇ Åáì ÇáÓæÇÍá ÇáÝáÓØíäíÉ¡ ÍíË íÌÑí ÚãáíÉ ÇÓÊíáÇÁ æåãíÉ ÚáíåÇ.
Ýí ÕíÝ 1943 ÃÕÏÑÊ ÇáÍßæãÉ ÇáÈÑíØÇäíÉ ÊÚáíãÇÊ Åáì ÓÝÇÑÊåÇ Ýí ÊÑßíÇÈÅÚØÇÁ ÊÕÑíÍÇÊ ÏÎæá Åáì ÝáÓØíä
ááíåæÏ "ÇáÝÇÑíä ãä ÇáÃÑÇÖí ÇáÊí íÍÊáåÇ ÇáäÇÒíæä".
ßãÇ ÈÏÃÊ ÇáæáÇíÇÊ ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ÚÇã 1944 ÚãáíÇÊ ÅÎÑÇÌ ÇáíåæÏ ãä ÇáÃÑÇÖí ÇáÊí ÊÍÊáåÇ ÃáãÇäíÇ ÇáäÇÒíÉ¡ æÃÞÇãÊ áåÐÇ ÇáÛÑÖ
ãßÊÈÇð ÎÇÕÇð ÃØáÞ Úáíå ÇÓã "ãßÊÈ ãåÇÌÑí ÇáÍÑÈ".
ØÇáÈ ÇáÑÆíÓ ÇáÃãÑíßí ÊÑæãÇä ÈÚÏ ÇáÍÑÈ ãÈÇÔÑÉ¡ æÊäÝíÐÇð áãÞÑÑÇÊ ÈÑäÇãÌ ÈáÊãæÑ¡ ÈÅÏÎÇá ãÆÉ ÃáÝ íåæÏí ÝæÑÇð Åáì ÝáÓØíä.
æÊÔßáÊ áÌäÉ ÊÍÞíÞ ÃäÌáæ ÜÃãÑíßíÉ" áÈÍË ãÏì ÞÏÑÉ ÝáÓØíä Úáì ÇÓÊíÚÇÈ ÇáíåæÏ ÇáãÔÑÏíä Ýí ÃæÑæÈÇ.
æÝí ÇáÃæáãä ÃíÇÑ ÚÇã 1946 äÔÑÊ áÌäÉ ÇáÊÍÞíÞ ÇáãÐßæÑÉ ÊæÕíÇÊåÇ ÝÃíÏÊ ÝíåÇ ãØáÈ ÇáÑÆíÓ ÊÑæãÇä.
